Your leadership strategy needs to change

1. The classical approach is the traditional analyse-plan-execute method, with a goal of achieving sustainable competitive advantage through scale or differentiation. It is the right approach for stable environments.
2. The adaptive approach is about responding rapidly to changing market conditions by continuously experimenting and then selecting and quickly scaling up whatever works.
3. The visionary approach — the strategy of entrepreneurs — envisions and realises new business possibilities. Although this approach is typically associated with small start-ups, large companies now often also need to be visionary to stay relevant in the face of frequent disruptions by maverick competitors.
4. The shaping strategy is about partnering with other companies to reshape an entire industry through collaboration, often using a digital market platform. Companies deploying this approach think about building and shaping multi-firm ecosystems.
5. Finally, the renewal strategy is the option to choose when a business is in jeopardy and needs to conserve its resources to fund the journey back to viability and growth.
   
   

Adding another layer of complexity, most large companies compete in more than one environment or in ones that shift over time. Leaders increasingly need to lead by deploying the right approaches and resources across these diverse areas.

They need to create a pattern of distinct approaches across the business, keeping it up-to-date by asking the right questions and by putting their weight behind critical change initiatives. It's more an exercise in constant self-disruption than one of perfecting an unchanging recipe for success based on past experience.

Successful CEOs understand this. Pfizer's Ian Read, for example, reorganised the company by defining new business units around products facing similar market challenges, so each unit could develop the culture and capabilities needed to win.

Pepsico's Indra Nooyi runs and reinvents the company at the same time by deploying 'disruption' teams that work in parallel with the day-to-day operations teams in each part of the business.

Google's recently announced reorganisation is also motivated by the need to deploy different approaches to strategy and execution in different parts of their business.

The strategies and roles you take on as a leader will depend on how complex and dynamic your business is. The goal is always to mix, match and evolve your company's capabilities and resources in response to the world changing around you. That is the ultimate leadership strategy.

Martin Reeves is senior partner at The Boston Consulting Group and director of the Bruce Henderson Institute.

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