Subscribe

Good times fade away on markets

The market carnage and return of eye-popping volatility in recent days have, if nothing else, focused attention on shares. That volatility is unlikely to disappear quickly – the prolonged period without it was actually more of an anomaly.

Share markets have been in the bull phase of the investment cycle for a long time and we judge that we are now entering the final ‘boom’ phase of the cycle. Historically, this typically means the strongest returns of the cycle are behind us. 

Looking through the smoke and embers it is likely the good times will fade into 2018 and into 2019 however. 

Click image to zoom Tap image to zoom

From the high returns of 2017 we’ll slip into solid single-digit equity returns this year, with positive company earnings – the primary driving force behind sharemarket gains – not as convincingly translating through to returns, as caution rises over high share valuations and the possibility of interest rates rising faster than markets expect.

" The strongest returns of the current cycle are now behind us.” 

There is particular risk US wages and inflation will lift more rapidly than currently expected by markets – and indeed that fear was the trigger this week. With the risk to both growth and inflation now tilted firmly to the upside in 2018 and 2019, there are clear forces working against further high double-digit returns for share investors.

All up, we see it as too early to take a defensive position in our investments but we are keeping a sharp watch on the rising risk factors outlined above: the overvalued sharemarket, inflation and possible wage pressure, and their combined effect to push up interest rates.

Clock running out

Our central case view for markets in 2018 is what we’ve termed ‘good times fade’ – and we think there’s about a 60 per cent chance this is how the year will unfold.

In this scenario we assume the investment cycle has up to 18 months to run before economic slowdown and recession risks rise. We started the year with elevated share valuations and over the course of the year we expect to see:

  • Wages and inflation gradually lifting;
  • Most major central banks restraining their economic stimulus activity and looking to raise interest rates;
  • Firmer financial conditions from the very accommodative levels at present; and
  • Less difference between short and long-term bond yields – which typically indicates investors are worried about the economic outlook.

Obviously this scenario suggests some investor caution is due, although the overall backdrop remains supportive of risk assets, such as shares, primarily due to strong economic and earnings growth.

Click image to zoom Tap image to zoom

Source: Bloomberg, Thompson Reuters Datastream and ANZ Wealth

Our investment-cycle clock shows the long-term economic cycle in the US. What can be seen is the economy is on an upswing - and has been for several years.

At its current pace, it will reach the 0.5 reading in the graph, a level forewarning a peak in equity markets within 18 months – this has happened in the previous three cycles.

In short the current signal is likely telling us to expect positive returns to shares in 2018 with downside risk rising later in the year and into 2019. Such a downturn is consistent with our ‘good times fade’ scenario.

What happened?

A long period of calm markets ended in early February  with share markets in the US, Australia and around the world falling dramatically.

At the lowest point the the Dow Jones Industrial Index was down 1597 points - a 6.4 per cent fall. By the close on February 5 the US market had reversed more than all the gains since the start of the year.

With the US the biggest share market by a large margin, global markets are heavily impacted by the US, so it wasn’t surprising Australian shares followed suit with share prices falling across all sectors. Since then markets have shown some signs of stabilising.

So what happened? January 2018 was a time of record inflows into global share markets with investors pushing many sought-after assets into ‘overbought’ territory. This meant the market was vulnerable to any real or perceived bad news.

The US released some key jobs data lwhich showed wages were growing at a faster pace than expected. This meant investors feared the US Federal Reserve (the Fed) may raise interest rates far more quickly than anticipated.

Raising interest rates are typically a negative outcome for shares as investors worry about the outlook for the economy and company earnings, typically preferring cash and bonds.

To put the fall into context, 2017 was not an ordinary year. The S&P 500 returned 19.42 per cent and had been within 3 per cent of an all-time high for an incredible 202 straight days due to abnormally low volatility.

This is almost twice as long as the second longest streak which occurred from 1995 to 1996. Periods of such calm are bound to end at some point, but it’s awfully difficult to know just when.

What else could happen?

What would challenge this scenario is a more pronounced lift in US wages and inflation than we currently assume. By around the end of 2018 our indicator suggests wages could accelerate from 2.5 per cent to around 3.5 per cent and reach more than 4 per cent by mid-2019.

The risk is US labour-market conditions continue to tighten unabated given above-trend growth. Signs in Europe point to a similar risk there.

Under this inflation scare’ scenario, as well as wage growth, US inflation would accelerate (above 2.5 per cent by year end). This would lead to more rate rises than expected by the US central bank.

If we add the possibility of Europe cutting its economic stimulus program then both shares and bonds are likely to take a hit. We think there’s about a 30 per cent chance this will eventuate in 2018.

Click image to zoom Tap image to zoom

Source: ANZ Wealth CIO

Much less likely is a gradual slide in growth driven by a steeper decline in the Chinese economy than currently predicted. Even though inflation and interest rates remained low, such a scenario would support a more defensive position by investors in 2018 with the environment favourable for bonds but not for the Australian dollar and shares.

Time

Our view is central banks have time and can lift their rates gradually and this will support trend returns for growth assets in 2018 while bonds will deliver flat returns.

The leading risk to this is faster-rising inflation, which would mean our investment-cycle clock would tick more rapidly. This would bring forward strategies to mitigate the risk associated with more rapid central bank tightening, rates increasing and weaker share and bond markets.

Mark Rider is Chief Investment Officer at ANZ

The views and opinions expressed in this communication are those of the author and may not necessarily state or reflect those of ANZ.

editor's picks

18 Jan 2018

Is this as good as it gets for the economy?

Richard Yetsenga | Chief Economist, ANZ

Let’s welcome the global recovery and take advantage of it - but the chances of further improvement are minor.

23 Feb 2017

Five key market themes to look out for in 2017

Mark Rider | Chief Investment Officer, ANZ Wealth

The headwinds of 2016 are behind us. As we look ahead, financial conditions and monetary policy all look supportive of growth but global political upheaval, trade uncertainty and a US economy already long in the tooth remain concerns.